An attempt to describe some of the long-term social and historical causes of Canada Native problems, this document illustrates the way in which numerous problems have combined to create the present situation and outlines some of the Canada Natives' current aspirations for the future. The introduction addresses the initial and resultant impact of colonialism as currently reflected in the employment, crime, alcoholism, and suicide statistics on "status'' (recognized) and "non-status" Indians. The second section addresses origins and culture, emphasizing tribal and band variances caused by differing geographic and sociocultural influences within the boundaries of Canada. Emphasizing the impact of economic, military, and religious factors upon white-Native relations, the third section details the conquest of Canada and explains the way in which 19th century romanticism, expansionism, and Protestantism brought about the treaty-making period. The fourth section deals with policies, paternalism, and economics, describing governmental and social vascillation between policies of isolation and integration for the Canada Native, resulting in the development of a Native leadership concerned with land and treaty rights, socio-economic development, and education. The final section assesses that which the Natives currently want, asserting that a combination of self-determined and economically subsidized development is both preferable and necessary. (JC)