In response to a Congressional mandate, an evaluation of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) was undertaken beginning in 2004. The evaluation design included a series of studies that encompassed the breadth and selected areas of depth of the NAEP program. Studies were identified with input from key stakeholders and were prioritized to respond to current education policy questions. This article provides an overview of the evaluation design, a synopsis of each study that was included in the design, and link of how it maps to the Congressional questions. (Contains 1 table.)