This study investigated the effect of targeted test preparation, or coaching, on oral English as a second language test scores. The tests in question were the Basic English Skills Test Plus (BEST Plus), a scripted oral interview published by the Center for Applied Linguistics, and the Versant English Test (VET), a computer-administered and entirely computer-scored oral performance test published by Knowledge Technologies Pearson, Inc. These tests measure oral language proficiency in very different ways, and thus the effects of test coaching were hypothesized to have differential effects on scores. Participants, all students in a noncredit adult English as a second language (ESL) program in New York City, were pretested using both measures and randomly assigned to one of two educational treatments. Treatments consisted of 12 hr of intensive strategy and test format coaching in one or the other of the two test formats over 6 weeks. (Contains 2 tables.)