Examining how different phases of relationship separation effects the development of suicidal behaviors has been largely ignored in suicide studies. The few studies conducted suggest that individuals experiencing the acute phase of marital/de facto separation may be at greater risk of suicide compared with those experiencing long-term separation (divorce). To clarify the effects of these factors on detection and prevention of suicidal behaviors, a critical review of the English-language literature on this topic from 1966 to 2008 was undertaken. No studies reliably indicate the impacts of acute separation versus long-term divorce on suicidality. Moreover, research has not specifically addressed the interaction between the psychosocial factors influencing suicidal behaviors in the context of a marital/de facto separation. Considering the large proportion of suicides that occur in the context of marital/de facto separation, our limited understanding of the factors involved in the development of these suicidal behaviors is of concern. (Contains 1 table.)