This state-of-the-art review describes the genesis, structure, methods, applications, limitations and goals of the ordering analytic approach to hierarchical analysis, with specific reference to its relevance and use in educational, psychology and behavioral sciences. Hierarchy is defined as an "ordering" of objects such that the relation defined on the objects is reflexive, antisymmetric, transitive and unconnected such as the prerequisite relation. Various empirical and psychometric methodologies for item hierarchies, such as the Guttman and Bart theories, are then outlined. In the documentation of the growth, development and structure of ordering analysis, its prime intent emerges as being the testing of hypothesized item hierarchies and the determination of item hierarchies. Outlines of ordering analysis methods, and search and testing procedures for hierarchies are followed by exemplified applications of ordering analysis. Criticisms of ordering analysis and a recommendation for the need for more research in hierarchical analysis and its impact on psychometrics, measurement, education and behavioral science form the conclusion. (Author/AEF)