Dialysis encephalopathy is a progressive neurological disorder occurring after long-term hemodialysis in some renal failure patients. Accumulation of aluminum in the brain is suspected as its cause, and the use of reverse osmosis of the dialysis water and administration of desferrioxamine to the patient have been successful in reducing the accumulation of aluminum. Typical communication disorders in patients with dialysis encephalopathy include forms of dysfluency, articulatory dysfunction, disorders of phonation and prosody, language deficits, and generalized neuropsychological disturbances, including dementia. A case study of one 48-year-old female patient found that the use of reverse osmosis and desferrioxamine stopped the progression of the disease and brought about a perceptible improvement of functions. It is also concluded that early and careful assessment of speech and language functions is important for the early detection and treatment of dialysis encephalopathy. (MSE)