In this conceptual paper, we consider issues and challenges of third party and governmental organisations in planning and implementing access to and uses of digital technologies for learning and teaching in developing countries. We consider failures and weaknesses in the planning and implementation processes highlighted by research in developed countries (as well as successes supporting implementation). We problematise these issues and challenges, conceptualise them in order to focus on longer-term rather than shorter-term ones, and offer new alternative models and ways of conceiving these practices for future sustainability.