The purpose of this article is to provide school psychologists with a synthesis of important information regarding the epidemiology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of childhood depression. A review of the recent research and relevant literature is summarized reflecting the contemporary knowledge regarding depression during childhood and adolescence. In addition, reputable websites are included for professionals who use the internet as a resource. This article emphasizes the importance of understanding the multidimensional etiology of depression. With regard to depression, a developmental perspective emphasizes how these conditions emerge, considering the dynamic interplay of sociocultural, biogenetic, personality, family, emotional, cognitive and behavioral domains. School psychologists are in a critical position to facilitate the academic achievement and healthy development of youth who are suffering from depression. This article provides school psychologists with the foundation, knowledge and resources that are needed to be the most effective advocates and collaborators for students and families facing the challenges of depression.