This volume attempts to measure and quantify 10 labor standards in the United States and Canada. Its two purposes are to begin to fill the gap in the research by developing a measure of labor standards that can be applied across countries and to apply that measure to the United States (U.S.) and Canada to test a popular hypothesis that Canada has higher labor standards than the U.S. Chapter 1 addresses labor standards and international trade, as well as the social contexts and why Canada and the U.S. may diverge. Chapter 2 reviews the economics and the institutional literature on the relationship between labor standards and trade, both generally and with specific attention to the U.S. and Canada. Chapter 3 provides definitions of the labor standards discussed. Chapter 4 discusses the data and methodology used to compare the labor standards in the two countries. It explains the weights and subindex values created for each of the 10 labor standards analyzed. Chapter 5 presents results of the comparison, through text and tables, which indicate that, overall, labor standards are higher in Canada than in the U.S. Chapter 6 summarizes results and presents conclusions. Appendixes include a list of 188 references and an index. (YLB)