This study broadens our understanding of conditions that shape faculty composition in higher education. We surveyed academic deans to evaluate their views on the professoriate, values, pressures, and practices pertaining to the use of non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF). We utilized [ordinary-least-squares] OLS regression to test a model for decision-making related to faculty composition and the use of NTTF, which includes external pressures, values, and strategic organizational processes. Our findings reveal that higher education institutions are employing more NTTF than deans feel is best for meeting institutional needs. Pressures from the external environment are the most associated with this phenomenon, with ramifications for academic decision-making.