The history of the settlement of the Cumberland Plateau region of Kentucky is presented by a resident of that area whose ancestors were among the early settlers. The disintegration caused by the Civil War and the mountain feuds started during the Reconstruction period is discussed. Mismanagement of natural resources, especially coal and timber, and exploitation of human resources are depicted with the assistance of accounts related by the local populace. The social, political, and economic forces which have produced the depressed area of Eastern Kentucky are traced. Creation of a Southern Mountain Authority is suggested to solve the problems of regional decay and educational disadvantagement. (JH)