Theme 1 of the "Hamburg Declaration on Adult Learning" boldly proclaimed that active citizenship and full participation of all citizens was the necessary foundation for "the creation of a learning society committed to social justice and general well-being" (UNESCO, 1997, p. 4). The "Declaration" advocated that future societies create "greater community participation"; raise "awareness about prejudice and discrimination in society"; encourage "greater recognition, participation and accountability of non-government organizations and local community groups"; and promote "a culture of peace, intercultural dialogue and human rights." This chapter will accent the "Hamburg Declaration's" prominent emphasis on promoting active citizenship through a vitalized civil society and open public spheres through examining two recent examples.