One of the biggest challenges facing Aboriginal populations increasingly is being called "intergenerational trauma." Restoring the cultural heritage is a central theme in the book, "Reclaiming Youth at Risk." That work describes the Circle of Courage model for positive development which blends Native child and youth care philosophy with research and best practice wisdom from the Western tradition. This integration is critical, since intergenerational trauma is the result of colonization where the dominant culture sought to stamp out aboriginal ways. Resilience is closely intertwined with trauma. It is defined as "the capacity for adapting successfully and functioning competently, despite experiencing chronic stress or adversity following exposure to prolonged or severe trauma." The author draws from research and experiences in Native American and First Nations cultures to show the impact of cultural trauma. The Circle of Courage model provides the core goals for transforming trauma into resilience.