The objective of this report was to assist the Ugandan government in considering how its intended improvement in social services can be achieved over the decade of the 1990s. Part 1 provides the necessary background. Chapter 1 illustrates in which areas, and to what extent, Uganda is in a social deficit situation in comparison with other African and low income countries. Chapter 2 illustrates the impact of alternative population growth scenarios on the need for social services, as well as other consequences of population growth. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with the demand side. Chapter 3 discusses supply side constraints to governmental provision of social services, as well as prospects for the alleviation of these constraints, and points out that private expenditures and private providers play a substantial role in the social sectors in Uganda. In part 2, chapters 4, 5, and 6 analyze current service delivery and recommended future strategy in the areas of education, health, and population/family planning, respectively. Finally, Chapter 7 in part 3 consolidates the recommended shifts in private and government spending on the social sectors. The section on the education sector explores: (1) primary education; (2) secondary education; (3) university education; (4) financing and management of the sector as a whole; (5) policy framework for the education sector; (6) universal primary education with its costs and prospects; and (7) investment program, expenditure plan, and major donor activities. The paper reports that although primary and secondary education have expanded rapidly, 40 percent of teachers at the primary level, and 35 percent of those at the secondary level are untrained. (DK)