The increasing integration of national educational systems, in particular in Europe, is giving rise to conflict among traditional forms of instruction, curricula, pedagogical norms and values, and firmly established standards of education. The center of this conflict now, which was catalyzed by Russia's joining the Bologna process, consists of the rectors, professors, and instructors, whose total number in 2005 was about 400,000, including 322,100 instructors in state and municipal institutions of higher learning. At the same time, the acceptability of the basic provisions of the Bologna Declaration, in the case of the higher educational institutions of Russia, the conditions or variants of the modernization of the system of education in Russia, and the possible consequences of the forthcoming changes from the standpoint of the nation's interests, have all prompted serious debates and a diversity of assessments among the higher education community. In consideration of the fact that both rectors and professors and instructors will bear the main responsibility and burden in implementing the measures mapped out in accordance with the principles of the Bologna Declaration, their opinions with regard to this range of issues are of particular importance. For the purpose of studying the opinions of college and university administrators and instructors concerning the Bologna process and the consequential results on higher education of Russia's joining this process, which includes the system's ability to compete in the world market of educational services, the Center for Sociological Research carried out an expert survey of 164 rectors and vice rectors and 804 instructors from 164 Russian colleges and universities in Moscow (36.8% of the institutions), St. Petersburg (17.4%), Nizhnii Novgorod (5.8%), Voronezh (5.8%), Rostovon-Don (5.8%), Kazan (5.8%), Saratov (5.8%), Ekaterinburg (5.8%), Kemerovo (5.8%), and Novosibirsk (5.8%). The survey shows that there is no consensus on the policy of changing higher education to bring it in line with European universities. Data on the level of corruption in higher education show the need to stop the widespread sale of fake university diplomas in Russia. (Contains 9 tables and 6 notes.)