This article presents 10 research-based principles of instruction, along with suggestions for classroom practice. The principles come from (a) research in cognitive science, (b) research on master teachers, and (c) research on cognitive supports. The instructional principles are: (1) Begin a lesson with a short review of previous learning to strengthen previous learning and lead to fluent recall; (2) Present new material in small steps with student practice after each step; (3) Ask a large number of questions and check the responses of all students; (4) Provide models to help students learn to solve problems faster; (5) Guide student practice of new material; (6) Checking for student understanding at each point can help students learn the material with fewer errors; (7) It is important for students to achieve a high success rate during classroom instruction; (8) The teacher should provide students with temporary supports and scaffolds to assist them when they learn difficult tasks; (9) Students need extensive, successful, independent practice in order for skills and knowledge to become automatic; and (10) Engage students in weekly and monthly review to develop well-connected and automatic knowledge.