The debate about online education--and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in particular--generates much confusion because there are so many options for how these technologies can be applied. Institutes of higher education and colleges have to examine these changes or face the risk of no longer being in control of their own fate. To survive, they must change their existing business models. Technology-enhanced learning has the potential to transform education and to raise the level of education globally. MOOCs and online learning also have the potential to change the cost structure of higher education. The first threat to American higher education is that MOOCs and online courses will raise the level of competition too high for some institutions to survive. Colleges and universities have always competed to admit the best students, but for the most part, once a student matriculated, he/she tended to stay at the same institution. With online courses and MOOCs available from a number of institutions, competition will become more intense and will move to the level of individual courses. To survive, higher education and colleges can adopt some of the author's recommendations such as: changing their existing business models to take advantage of the opportunities presented by technology-enhanced learning to expand its educational mission and provide flexibility for its students, work to overcome faculty members' resistance to change, and review their cost structures.