The optimal relationship between healthcare provider and patient is one of trust. This therapeutic relationship is dependent on the ability of the healthcare provider to communicate effectively with the patient. Research indicates that when healthcare providers listen to patients, there is more compliance with medical regimens, patient satisfaction is increased, and physicians are less vulnerable to malpractice lawsuits. Within the last few decades, the relationship between physician and patient has been reconceptualized from a paternalistic relationship to a partnership between provider and patient. This change is demanding a shift in how healthcare providers communicate and, in particular, listen to patients. To address this need, medical organizations such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has emphasized improved training and competence in communication skills of physicians. Effective communication and listening also is critical to the ethical treatment of patients and their families. This paper will discuss the critical component of listening within the healthcare context.