An analysis of salary differentials shows that although women and racial or ethnic minorities in the federal Civil Service science and engineering workforce earn less than their male and white counterparts, the differentials are much less than those shown by other studies for other occupations in the economy. These results show that: (1) salary differentials are lower among scientists and engineers regardless of sector of employment; (2) differentials between men and women and among racial/ethnic groups in all occupations are narrower within the Civil Service than outside it; or (3) the differentials are narrower for federally employed scientists and engineers than for this workforce in other sectors. Numerous charts, graphs, and tables illustrate this report, and technical notes and formulas are included. (Author/MSE)