Changes in the Chinese educational system since the cultural revolution of the 1960s must be analyzed in terms of the contradictory ideals of economic growth and class equality. These two socialist goals are contradictory because to obtain high economic production and growth, certain members of society must be selected and trained for leadership. Class equality cannot be achieved if certain individuals are given better opportunities. Strategies to develop China as a nation have changed over the past 20 years from an emphasis on class equality to an emphasis on economic growth. During the cultural revolution, Mao emphasized the class struggle for equality. As part of the revolution education was made available to the masses, standards were lowered, and higher education was abolished. However, China's current leaders are emphasizing the need for economic growth. By the end of the century they plan to match the levels of advanced nations in areas of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science (education) and technology. As part of the plan, higher education and specialized training are again being encouraged. Education continues to be available to the rural masses, but its quality and content are varied. (AV)