Reviews approaches to attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) that are alternatives to the biomedical model. Addresses the general problem of description and classification of behaviors into the ADHD diagnosis and discusses perspectives on sociocultural factors in ADHD behaviors, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Maintains that ADHD has bio-psycho-social elements that cannot be disaggregated, and that it is necessary to recognize the multi-factorial processes inherent in ADHD. (KB)