This study examined the nature, causes, and reinforcement of mathematics anxiety as well as methods of alleviating at least some of its symptoms. The literature on the subject was reviewed and an annotated bibliography prepared with entries grouped under three headings: (1) What is Mathematics Anxiety? Definition, Characteristics, and Symptoms; (2) What Causes Mathematics Anxiety and How is it Reinforced? Causes and Accentuating Factors; and (3) Is There Hope? Alleviating and Decreasing Mathematics Anxiety. Following the bibliography (which makes up a major portion of the document), a summary of findings for each of the three areas is presented. Findings show that mathematics anxiety is a mental, emotional, and sometimes physical disorder that can severely handicap the person who contracts it. Among its causes are teachers who are not skillful in mathematics (and may suffer from mathematics anxiety themselves) and the abstractness, symbolism, and rules of mathematics. Recommendations based on these and other findings are to help teachers cope with their own anxieties about mathematics, to create relaxed and supportive classroom atmospheres, to integrate mathematics into different subjects areas, and to dispell the "math mind" myths, sex-role stereotypes, and other stigmas that cause mathematics anxiety. (JN)