These essays concentrate on the challenge that adult education faces in helping the urban poor develop meaningful paraprofessional careers in the human services. In one essay, the reformist approach to improving access to credentials is compared with the radical approach, which questions the validity of the credentials process as well as its structures. Another essay discusses the roles of paraprofessionals undergoing training, recruitment and preparation of trainers, and relationships between the two groups. The Talent Corps work study program is also described, along with the career development problems of its graduates. An assessment is given of potential innovations (including fuller use of indigenous personnel) in inner city law enforcement. Attention is given to the organizing of paraprofessionals in Human service agencies (notably hospitals), not only for "bread and butter" demands, but for better services, closer community ties, and new routes to advancement. Finally, possibilities are examined for stimulating ghetto economic development through indigenous institutions. (LY)