Dyslexia is a disorder of the language-processing systems in the brain. It is a specific learning disability in reading that often affects spelling as well. This article describes: (1) Common characteristics experienced by people with dyslexia or reading disabilities; (2) Common misconceptions about dyslexia; (3) What brain research tell us about reading disabilities; and (4) What this information means for teachers and parents. The identification of a child with dyslexia is difficult for parents and teachers. Having information about the likely explanation for and potential cause of students' difficulties often relieves many fears and uncertainties about how to think about providing instruction that is relevant and effective. (Contains 2 figures and 3 tables.)