This paper describes a basic framework for integration of computational and energetic concepts in psychological theory. The framework is adapted from a general effort to understand the neural systems underlying cognition. The element of the cognitive system that provides the best basis for attempting to relate energetic and computational ideas is selective attention. Based on empirical studies in the areas of temperament, development, cognition and neuropsychology, this paper outlines what is currently known about the organization of several neural systems in selective attention. It confronts the issue of how selection is influenced by energetic processes, such as arousal, emotion, and individuality. Attention is viewed as a part of the complex biological system that modulates the basic reactivity of the organism through self regulation. (JAZ)