Purpose: This study investigated the feasibility and potential validity of an item response theory (IRT)-based computerized adaptive testing (CAT) version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words & Sentences (CDI:WS; Fenson et al., 2007) vocabulary checklist, with the objective of reducing length while maintaining measurement precision. Method: Parent-reported vocabulary for the American CDI:WS norming sample consisting of 1,461 children between the ages of 16 and 30 months was used to investigate the fit of the items to the 2-parameter logistic IRT model and to simulate CDI-CAT versions with 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 10, and 5 items. Results: All but 14 items fit the 2-parameter logistic IRT model, and real data simulations of CDI-CATs with at least 50 items recovered full CDI scores with correlations over 0.95. Furthermore, the CDI-CATs with at least 50 items had similar correlations with age and socioeconomic status as the full CDI:WS. Conclusion: These results provide strong evidence that a CAT version of the CDI:WS has the potential to reduce length while maintaining the accuracy and precision of the full instrument.