Private high schools have higher test scores than public schools. Does this mean they are better? Most studies of public versus private schools have explored the full range of income and achievement, one recently finding little if any difference that could not be accounted for by demographic differences. In this article, the author discusses the results of the new study commissioned by the Center on Education Policy (CEP) which looked at parental socioeconomic status (SES), parental expectations, parental discussions about schoolwork with their children, and parental involvement in school activities and concludes that when all factors are considered, the differences between public and private schools are not compelling.