The only local tribe to migrate into California during recorded history, the Chemehuevi Indians had one of the largest tribal areas in California, though their population probably never exceeded 800. Today most live on the Colorado River Reservation, where they share membership with the Colorado River tribes. First mentioned in a priest's report in 1776, the Chemehuevi had a loose tribal organization with small bands consisting of nuclear and extended families. Important officials were a chief (hereditary), war chiefs, and shamans. Dreams were an important aspect of culture and beliefs--a proper dream ensured success. Small farmers, the Indians were well adapted to their environment, and their houses ranged from little more than shelters against sun and wind in their arid lands to more substantial semi-subterranean, round houses along the Colorado and at Twentynine Palms. Chemehuevi trade routes later became trails for early pioneers and still later highways for modern commerce. With bows and arrows as weapons, they often wore down game by chasing them; snares and traps were used to catch small game. Dress was from animal hides and pelts, though women wore grass skirts in warm weather; tattoos ornamented both men and women, and bead pendants were worn in ear lobes and rings and plugs in the nose. Games were important, as was music. Most musical expression was vocal though some instruments were used. (RS)