This article reports on firebomb attacks at the homes of two animal researchers which have provoked anger and unease. The firebomb attacks, which set the home of a neuroscientist at the University of California at Santa Cruz aflame and destroyed a car parked in the driveway of another university researcher's home, have left researchers and academic leaders shaken. The attacks are believed to be the work of animal-rights protesters. Some researchers at universities reacted with indignation and vowed to continue their work with stronger safety measures, while others worried that the protests, which have occurred at several institutions, have reached a new level of violence that could harm them. The attacks escalate the trend of increasing violence and frequency of actions by people who oppose research involving animals. According to Jeffrey H. Kordower, a professor of neurological sciences at Rush University Medical Center and chairman of the Committee on Animals in Research, scientists around the country now feel more at risk. He states that planning is important for any university, regardless of whether they have experienced attacks. In February, his committee released recommendations about how universities should protect their research and researchers. The guidelines include public support from campus leadership, security plans, and attempts to pass legislation to protect researchers.