Anger has been shown to be an important factor in occupational maladjustment, family conflict, physical and sexual assault, criminal behavior, and substance abuse. It has also been linked with such adverse health outcomes as hypertension, heart disease, and cancer. Focusing on anger proneness, conceptualized as a relatively enduring propensity to experience and express anger, this article examines both early and recent antecedent factors that predict and may condition levels of anger proneness. The roles of both prospectively and retrospectively assessed factors are considered. Data from an ethnically diverse and representative sample of young adults reveals clear gender differences and, at least for short-tempered anger, decreasing levels of anger with increasing socioeconomic status. Prior exposure to violent events, prior exposure to other forms of social stress, and certain personal attributes were found to be significant antecedents of both hostility and short-tempered forms of anger proneness. (Contains 2 figures, 4 tables, and 1 note.)