In his 2004 State of the Union address, President George W. Bush described drug testing as "an effective part" of an "aggressive, community-based strategy to reduce demand for illegal drugs" (as cited in Lineburg, Alexander, & Sughrue, 2006 [emphasis added]). His statement fueled debate about the role of U.S. public schools in the fight against drugs: How much aggressiveness is acceptable? At what point do school districts overstep the constitutional protections afforded students by the Fourth Amendment? Several court cases are pertinent to drug-testing policies and random drug testing of public school students: "Vernonia v. Acton" (1995), a U.S. Supreme Court decision; "Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls" (2002), and "Hedges v. Musco" (2000). Brief descriptions of these court cases are presented in this issue of "A Legal Memorandum". The judicial reasoning from both the majority and dissenting opinions of these cases helps explain the current status of drug testing for student athletes in public schools and sets the stage to expand drug testing to the entire student body. (Lists 3 resources.)