School-based approaches to addressing aggression in the early grades have focused on explicit curriculum addressing social and emotional processes. The current study reviews research on the distinct modes of aggression, the status of current research on social and emotional processing relevant to problems of aggression amongst young children, as well as the social-relationship processes that occur in schools that hold transformative potential for children's aggression and behavioural development. A framework incorporating peer-to-peer, teacher-child, and teacher-parent relationship components within a social-emotional curriculum is outlined to inform a multisystemic approach to addressing young children's aggression.