Do school uniforms make a difference in student academic performance, school spirit, discipline, and safety? What are the legal restrictions that bear on the school uniform decision in public schools? Do uniform policies lead to less school violence? Do they impose an economic hardship, outweighing the advantages, on low-income families? The school uniform questions raised in this article are not new, and both proponents and opponents have debated the desirability of school uniforms for public school students-especially elementary-level students-for more than 25 years. (Of course, private schools, especially parochial schools, have had uniforms for students for much longer.) This article considers this educational issue under three categories: the history of the school uniform debate, legal issues, and research findings. The article provides 6 guidelines for school leaders to consider as they go about developing and implementing policies related to student uniforms.