Providing pre-college teachers with an analysis of tax reform is the primary goal of this publication. The present tax system is both inefficient and inequitable. Three goals of tax reform proposals are detailed: (1) fairness--the dimensions of horizontal equity, or equal treatment of equals however defined, and vertical equity, reflecting the degree of the tax structure progress, (2) economic efficiency--the issues of substantial costs, high-low rates, and the appropriate tax base; and (3) simplicity--which may be the first goal sacrificed. These coincide with Adam Smith's goals of equality, certainty, convenience of payment, and economy in collection. Basic features of current tax laws are compared to two major reform plans, the Reagan Plan and the Ways and Means Plan. Advantages of each plan are noted, with the conclusion that the Reagan Plan is preferable with respect to the goals of tax reform. Major reform may have to wait until the budget deficit problem is solved. Tables of federal revenue sources and comparison of current law and reform plans are included. (TRS)