Action research as a methodology is suitable for use within academic library settings. Its theoretical foundations are located in several disciplines and its applications span across many professions. In this article, an overview of the theoretical beginnings and evolution of action research is presented. Approaches generally used in conducting an action research project and their applicability to academic library settings are discussed. Following the approaches are examples of action research projects conducted in a variety of academic settings and topics of interest to a wide spectrum of academic librarians, including those who work with information systems. Lastly, recommended guidelines on conducting an action research project are provided.