There has been a long-standing concern amongst policymakers, economists, and trade unions over the persistent earnings gap between men and women in the Canadian labour market. Although this gap has narrowed over time, women's average hourly wages still remain about 16% lower than that earned by men. The reasons for this inequality in male and female earnings are complicated and are the result of a number of diverse factors. Research has shown that much of the gender pay gap can be explained by differences between men's and women's education, age, experience, occupation, hours of work, and collective agreement coverage. A number of studies have documented a similar persistent gender pay gap amongst a group of the most highly educated Canadians--academic staff. This study examines the evolution in male-female earnings of full-time university professors in Canada between 1986 and 2006. The main finding is that the salary differential between men and women, when adjusted for inflation and controlled for age and academic rank, is small and has remained virtually unchanged over the past two decades. (Contains 1 figure, 8 tables, and 5 endnotes.)