Factors that govern effective student learning and ways to improve the learning environment are analyzed, with specific reference to England. In acknowledging the academic importance of motivation, maturity, and effective study methods, attention is directed to the way that these can be developed and encouraged within the present educational system. Questions of the institutions' ability to incorporate change are posed. Individual and group methods to promote student learning (learning to learn) are discussed. These approaches help students to develop a learning strategy in line with course demands, as well as to develop critical and creative abilities and learning motivation. The development and administration of "learning to learn" facilities are also discussed, including the Learning Resource Centre at the University of Reading. In examining the students' experiences of learning to learn, attention is focused on institutions, such as the School for Independent Studies at Lancaster University. The role of counselors, counseling in higher education, and the treatment of emotional and psychological problems are also addressed. The case of students with special learning difficulties is also discussed separately, and a chapter by C. J. Weir on the problem for overseas students is included. (SW)