The role of spirituality and religiosity in neglect etiology is unknown. Further, the effects of these factors may be influenced by existing familial substance use disorder (SUD). This study examined the role of spirituality as conceptualized multidimensionally, in parental child neglect. A sample of 100 (40 SUD; 60 Control) intact families were given measures of spirituality, religiosity, and multiperspective measures of child neglect. Results demonstrated significant direct protective effects for both paternal and maternal neglect of several religious and spiritual dimensions. Interestingly, several other spirituality dimensions were significant risk factors for child neglect. Discussion of implications is included. (Contains 7 tables.)