The Mental Health Commission of Canada supported a comprehensive research project to determine the current state of mental health and substance use programs and practices in Canadian schools. The School-Based Mental Health and Substance Abuse Consortium is made up of a group of 40 leading Canadian researchers, policy makers, and practitioners. The Consortium systematically reviewed literature from around the world, conducted a program scan (147 programs) of current practices in Canadian schools, and distributed a national survey to school boards (n = 177) and schools (n = 643) seeking input on the state of knowledge and practice in child and youth mental health and substance abuse. This information is being shared with policy makers and school boards to help inform the delivery of future mental health services in Canada's schools.