This manual for examiners administering the Primary Test of Economic Understanding (PTEU) describes the purpose, development, and validity of the test which is designed to provide a measure of students' growth and a means to assess the effectiveness of existing materials, teaching strategies, and pre-service and in-service economics education programs for social studies teachers in the primary grades. Directions for administering and scoring the test are detailed. Standardization processes and reliability reports are noted together with a discussion of the interpretation and use of the results. Appendices contain a list of the major economic generalizations which provide the conceptual framework for the PTEU and a list of participating schools which administered the test to third-grade students. A copy of the student test booklet and key sheet for scoring is included. (SHM)