This article describes distance learning (DL) for languages within the context of recent advances and research findings in computer-assisted language learning (CALL). In addition to reviewing the different DL modalities, theoretical underpinnings, and the most appropriate technological applications to second language learning, the issues of conducting DL research and training faculty to work with this new learning environment will be examined. Garrett's (1991) overview of an earlier state of the CALL field serves as the background for judging how far the field has come, especially with respect to the pedagogical challenges, which have not changed drastically since the 1990s. A key consideration is the notion of interactivity, which is analyzed in depth with relation to both tutorial CALL and social computing.