The success of the United States in the 21st century will depend on the ideas and skills of its population. These have always been the nation's most important assets. As the world becomes increasingly technological, the value of these national assets will be determined by the effectiveness of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. In 2009, President Obama asked his President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) to develop specific recommendations on actions the administration should take to ensure the U.S. is a leader in STEM education. PCAST decided to focus initially on the K-12 level. This article presents the goals and recommendations made by the PCAST.