This collection of documents examines the response of the Jewish people--primarily in Russia but also in the West--to the sociological and political crises of Tsarist Russia between the years 1800 and 1914. It emphasizes in particular the emergence and interaction of the two ideologies which formulated the most radical solutions to the Jewish question--nationalism and socialism--and the various forms of interaction and mutual influence between them. Through the use of contemporary documents it examines the new ways of looking at the Jewish dilemma which suddenly appeared in the years 1881-82, the growth of the Bundist movement in the years 1892-1904, and the Jewish response to the first Russian revolution (1904-1907). Included in the collection are diaries, correspondence, articles, conference proceedings, and speeches which have been edited and translated in order to give students the opportunity to become involved with documentary materials related to the emergence of the modern Jew. (Author/MK)