Drawing from national and city-based sources, Volume 1 reports the empirical evidence concerning the relationship between children and community. The chapters are: (1) "Neighborhoods and Communities as Contexts for Development" (Martha A. Gephart); (2) "Development in Context: Implications for Studying Neighborhood Effects" (J. Lawrence Aber, Martha A. Gephart, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and James P. Connell); (3) "Neighborhood Models and Measures" (Greg J. Duncan and J. Lawrence Aber); (4) "Neighborhood and Family Influences on the Intellectual and Behavioral Competence of Preschool and Early School-Age Children" (P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, Rachel A. Gordon, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Pamela K. Klebanov); (5) "Are Neighborhood Effects on Young Children Mediated by Features of the Home Environment?" (Pamela K. Klebanov, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, and Rachel A. Gordon); (6) "Neighborhood and Family Factors Predicting Educational Risk and Attainment in African American and White Children and Adolescents" (Bonnie L. Halpern-Felsher, James P. Connell, Margaret Beale Spencer, J. Lawrence Aber, Greg P. Duncan, Elizabeth Clifford, Warren E. Crichlow, Peter A. Usinger, Steven P. Cole, LaRue Allen, and Edward Seidman); (7) "How Neighborhoods Affect Educational Outcomes in Middle Childhood and Adolescence: Conceptual Issues and an Empirical Example" (James P. Connell and Bonnie Halpern-Felsher); (8) "Neighborhood and Family Influences on Young Urban Adolescents' Behavior Problems: A Multisample, Multisite Analysis" (Margaret Beale Spencer, Steven P. Cole, Stephanie M. Jones, and Dena Phillips Swanson); (9) "Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Estimating Causal Effects of Neighborhoods and Family Conditions on Individual Development" (Greg J. Duncan, James P. Connell, and Pamela K. Klebanov); (10) "Neighborhood Effects and Federal Policy" (Jeffrey S. Lehman and Timothy M. Smeeding); and (11) "Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research on the Neighborhood in Which Children Live" (Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Greg J. Duncan, Tama Leventhal, and J. Lawrence Aber). (Contains 50 tables, 17 figures, and 27 pages of references.) (SLD)