This is one in a series of policy briefs on key education issues prepared by the RAND Corporation for the Obama administration. No Child Left Behind gave students in low-performing schools the opportunity to switch schools, but only a small percentage of eligible students exercise the option. The low rate of uptake is due to operational issues and parental lack of knowledge. Although improved parent notifications may help, research suggests that the power of school choice to induce educational improvement is limited at this time. [This brief is based on research conducted by Brian Gill, Jennifer Sloan McCombs, Scott Naftel, Karen E. Ross, Mengli Song, Jennifer Harmon, Georges Vernez, Beatrice Birman, Jennifer O'Day, Michael Garet, Kerstin Carlson Le Floch, and Christopher Beighley.]