This book presents 15 papers on charters, vouchers, and public education: (1) "Introduction: A New Direction in Public Education?" (Paul E. Peterson and David E. Campbell); (2) "Charter Schools: Taking Stock" (Chester E. Finn, Jr, Bruno V. Manno, and Gregg Vanourek); (3) "School Choice in Michigan" (Michael Mintrom and David N. Plank); (4) "Lessons from New Zealand" (Edward B. Fiske and Helen F. Ladd); (5) "The Hidden Research Consensus for School Choice" (Jay P. Greene); (6) "Going Private" (Terry M. Moe); (7) "School Choice and American Constitutionalism" (Joseph P. Viteritti); (8) "Effects of School Vouchers on Student Test Scores" (William G. Howell, Patrick J. Wolf, Paul E. Peterson, and David E. Campbell); (9) "Hints of the Pick-Axe: Competition and Public Schooling in Milwaukee" (Frederick M. Hess); (10) "Can Charter Schools Change Traditional Public Schools?" (Paul Teske, Mark Schneider, Jack Buckley, and Sara Clark); (11) "Responding to Competition: School Leaders and School Culture" (Frederick M. Hess, Robert Maranto, and Scott Milliman); (12) "Making Democratic Education Work" (David E. Campbell); (13) "Private Schooling and Political Tolerance" (Patrick J. Wolf, Jay P. Greene, Brett Kleitz, and Kristina Thalhammer); (14) "Reflections on the School Choice Debate" (Paul Hill); and (15) "What Is To Be Done?" (Diane Ravitch). (SM)