This dissertation examines three issues on the effect of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on the management of healthcare supply chain performance within the context of inventory management. Motivated by a case study conducted in a radiology practice, the second chapter analyzes the incremental benefits of RFID over barcodes for managing pharmaceutical inventories using a normal approximation for the demand process. Unlike barcode, RFID enables accurate real-time visibility, automatic counting and reduces shrinkage. I show that continuous review is superior to periodic review whenever accurate real-time information is available at no additional cost. I explain how RFID-enabled strategies vary with inventory parameters and provide a cost-benefit analysis for the implementation of RFID for the radiology practice. The third and fourth chapters assume that demand follows a Levy process (e.g., gamma or compound Poisson process). The third chapter analyzes a ("Q,R,S") inventory policy that combines periodic and continuous review in a single model. The policy includes a number of common policies as special cases. Hence, different periodic and continuous review policies can be compared accurately. This helps choosing the best review policy for a given inventory tracking technology. I fully characterize convexity and modularity properties of the inventory-related cost. I also investigate the order frequency function and compare the periodic review base stock and order point-order quantity policies. The fourth chapter analyzes "order-loss." In hospitals, replenishment orders for pharmaceuticals must go through multiple departments for verification, authentication, safety checking, etc., before submitted to a supplier. Consequently, the order information may be inadvertently lost on the way, leading to order-loss. I show that order-loss, even when rare, can lead to exceedingly high inventory costs. I first prove that the optimal ordering policy is a periodic ("s,S") policy within periodic review policies. But a simpler policy is easier to manage by the hospital personnel (e.g., nurses), so I analyze a periodic review base stock ("R,S") policy. I characterize the convexity and modularity properties of the inventory cost function. I also analyze the impact of order-loss on the optimal base stock level, order quantity and review period. Lastly, I estimate the value of RFID technology for eliminating order-loss. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]