This booklet presents information regarding the history, incidence, and effects of Down Syndrome. The first chapter, presenting an historical perspective of the condition, provides information on counseling parents of Down Syndrome children, and the chromosome structures seen in Down Syndrome patients. The next chapter discusses medical aspects in Down Syndrome, including associated conditions such as visual and hearing disorders, immunological problems, thyroid disorders, congenital heart disease, intestinal disorders, skeletal abnormalities, and use of facial plastic surgery to alter facial features of Down Syndrome patients. A chapter on the treatment of persons with Down Syndrome considers effects of drug treatments. Educational strategies are discussed in the fourth section. The final two sections consider the world of work and living arrangements for individuals with Down Syndrome. (CB)