Following a state takeover of the Philadelphia public schools in 2002, 45 schools were turned over to private managers, making Philadelphia the site of the nation's largest experiment in the private management of public schools. This study examines achievement effects in the privately managed schools, as well as in schools with district-led interventions, and examines these effects in the context of districtwide trends in achievement. [This research brief describes work done for RAND Education documented in "State Takeover, School Restructuring, Private Management, and Student Achievement in Philadelphia," by Brian Gill, Ron Zimmer, Jolley Christman, and Suzanne Blanc. 2007, 64 pp.]