This review of research into pupils' attitudes toward science cites significant British and American studies. Research studies appear under one of nine headings: (1) Attitude measurement in science education, (2) Differences between biology and the physical sciences, (3) The difficulty of the physical sciences and its causes, (4) The early age of arousal of science interest, (5) The efficacy of various pupil-centered learning strategies, (6) Girls and science education and the effects of co-education and single-sex schooling on the attitudes of both sexes toward science, (7) The critical role of the science teacher, (8) The feelings of pupils and students about the social implications of science and the activities of scientists, and (9) The effects of home and other environmental factors on attitudes to science. Approximately 500 educational studies are cited by the authors. (CP)